Processes That Can Be Embedded in a Geometric Brownian Motion

1 Geometric Brownian motion

where X(t) = σB(t) + μt is BM with drift and S(0) = S0 > 0 is the intial value. We view S(t) as the price per share at time t of a risky asset such as stock. Taking logarithms yields back the BM; X(t) = ln(S(t)/S0) = ln(S(t))− ln(S0). ln(S(t)) = ln(S0) +X(t) is normal with mean μt + ln(S0), and variance σ2t; thus, for each t, S(t) has a lognormal distribution. As we will see in Section 1.4: let...

Simulating Brownian motion ( BM ) and geometric Brownian

2) and 3) together can be summarized by: If t0 = 0 < t1 < t2 < · · · < tk, then the increment rvs B(ti) − B(ti−1), i ∈ {1, . . . k}, are independent with B(ti) − B(ti−1) ∼ N(0, ti − ti−1) (normal with mean 0 and variance ti − ti−1). In particular, B(ti) − B(ti−1) is independent of B(ti−1) = B(ti−1)−B(0). If we only wish to simulate B(t) at one fixed value t, then we need only generate a unit no...

Sigman 1 Geometric Brownian motion

Ergodicity breaking in geometric Brownian motion.

Geometric Brownian motion (GBM) is a model for systems as varied as financial instruments and populations. The statistical properties of GBM are complicated by nonergodicity, which can lead to ensemble averages exhibiting exponential growth while any individual trajectory collapses according to its time average. A common tactic for bringing time averages closer to ensemble averages is diversifi...

Stochastic Processes and Brownian Motion

This last point, however, raises a serious question: how well does equilibrium thermodynamics really motivate our understanding of nonequilibrium phenomena? Is it reasonable for an organometallic chemist to analyze a catalytic cycle in terms of rate-law kinetics, or for a biochemist to treat the concentration of a solute in an organelle as a bulk mixture of compounds? Under many circum­ stances...